On the consciousness of intelligent systems

The consciousness of intelligent systems has been discussed for decades. The ongoing developments of Artificial Intelligence make this concept even more crucial. We review and discuss recent views of the consciousness of artificial systems, mainly based on theories of the consciousness of human beings  taking into account phenomenal consciousness, access consciousness and computational functionalism. Distinguishing simulated and natural consciousness, we point out the importance of interpretable and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence to approach the first one. We focus on Large Language Models and Robotics. We also present discussions on the attribution of a moral status to artificial systems. We finally propose to use a fuzzy set-based knowledge representation to approach some forms of consciousness in intelligent systems, following existing directions of research on fuzzy concepts lattices, fuzzy ontologies and fuzzy description logic, as well as the use of fuzzy methods to represent and manage emotions and perceptions, in particular to identify and simulate sentiments in textual or facial expression